Harmful algal blooms are an increasing threat to marine ecosystems, fisheries, aquaculture and coastal communities. The recent bloom along South Australia’s coastline has highlighted how much remains unknown about the organisms responsible and the factors driving these events.
Researchers at Flinders University, in collaboration with the South Australian Genomics Centre (SAGC), are using genomics to help fill this knowledge gap by generating the first high-quality reference genome for Karenia mikimotoi, the microscopic alga suspected to be responsible for the recent bloom.
Supported by Bioplatforms Australia, the project combines short-read and long-read whole genome sequencing with advanced genome assembly and bioinformatics. With a genome approximately 16 times larger than the human genome, K. mikimotoi presents a significant sequencing and assembly challenge.
The resulting genomic resource will provide a foundation for investigating the genetic basis of toxin production, bloom formation, environmental adaptation and the species’ complex evolutionary history. It will also support future research into improved monitoring, prediction and management of harmful algal blooms.
The collaboration between Flinders University, FAME, SAGC, CSIRO’s Australian National Algae Culture Collection and Bioplatforms Australia demonstrates the power of genomics to respond to emerging environmental challenges.